Loss of Smell (Anosmia)

When Inability to perceive smell deserve a GP review

What loss of smell means

Your sense of smell plays a quiet but important role in daily life. It contributes to taste, appetite, safety awareness, and enjoyment of food and environments. Anosmia describes complete loss of smell, while partial loss or distortion may feel just as unsettling. Changes can occur suddenly or develop gradually, and the pattern helps guide assessment.

Common reasons smell changes

Loss of smell often follows inflammation inside the nose. Viral infections, including common colds, sinus infections, and other respiratory illnesses, commonly affect the smell pathways. Nasal congestion, polyps, allergic inflammation, or chronic sinus disease can block scent molecules from reaching smell receptors. In these situations, smell may return as inflammation settles, but recovery timing varies.

Other factors your GP considers

Smell changes can also relate to head injury, ageing, neurological conditions, or medication effects. Some people notice altered smell after surgery, dental work, or prolonged nasal spray use. Because smell involves both the nose and the brain, assessment looks beyond the nose alone when symptoms persist or behave unusually.

Why loss of smell affects wellbeing

Smell loss often reduces enjoyment of food, leading to appetite changes or weight shifts. It can also affect mood and safety, as you may not detect smoke, gas, or spoiled food. These impacts matter clinically, even when the underlying cause turns out to be benign.

When to see your GP

A GP review is important if loss of smell is sudden, persistent, worsening, or unexplained, or if it occurs without nasal congestion. Extra attention is needed if smell loss follows a head injury, appears alongside neurological symptoms, or lasts longer than expected after an infection. Early assessment helps guide recovery expectations and rule out less common causes.

How your GP helps

Your GP places smell changes in context by reviewing timing, triggers, nasal symptoms, medical history, and medicines. Management focuses on identifying reversible causes, explaining recovery patterns clearly, and arranging further assessment when needed. Many people improve over time, and clear guidance reduces uncertainty while recovery unfolds.

This article provides general health information only and does not replace medical advice. Please speak with your GP for personalised care.