What You Need to Know About Molluscum Contagiosum

What molluscum contagiosum is

Molluscum contagiosum is a common viral skin infection. It causes small, smooth, dome-shaped bumps on the skin, often with a tiny central dimple. The virus affects the outer layers of the skin only. It does not enter the bloodstream and it does not cause internal illness. Molluscum is most common in children, but it also occurs in adults.

Why it spreads easily

The virus spreads through direct skin-to-skin contact and through shared items such as towels, clothing, bath toys, or sports equipment. It can also spread from one area of the body to another by scratching. Swimming pools and close-contact activities increase opportunities for spread, although water itself does not transmit the virus.

What the spots usually look like

Molluscum spots are usually small, flesh-coloured or pearly, and painless. They may appear singly or in clusters. Over time, some lesions become red or inflamed before they resolve, which often reflects the immune system recognising the virus rather than a complication. Itching can occur and increases the chance of spread through scratching.

How long it lasts

Molluscum contagiosum is self-limiting. In most healthy children and adults, the immune system clears the virus over months. New spots can appear while others fade, which makes the condition feel persistent. Complete resolution commonly takes several months and sometimes longer, without leaving scars if the skin is not picked or aggressively treated.

When treatment is considered

Because molluscum clears on its own, treatment is not always needed. GPs consider treatment when lesions are numerous, persist for a long time, become frequently inflamed, cause distress, or spread to sensitive areas such as the face or genitals. Treatment decisions balance potential benefit against discomfort and the risk of skin irritation or scarring.

When a GP review is helpful

A GP review helps if the diagnosis is uncertain, lesions become painful or infected, eczema develops around the spots, or molluscum affects daily life. Review is also important if molluscum occurs in adults without an obvious explanation, if lesions involve the genital area, or if someone has a condition or treatment that affects immunity.

Reducing spread at home and school

Simple steps reduce spread. Encourage regular handwashing, avoid sharing towels and personal items, cover lesions during contact sports, and keep nails short to limit scratching. Children do not usually need to stay home from school or childcare, as exclusion does not prevent spread and disrupts routine.

This article provides general health information only and does not replace medical advice. Please speak with your GP for personalised care.