Hives (Urticaria) Explained

What sudden itchy welts mean and when your GP can help

What hives are

Hives, also called urticaria, are raised, itchy patches or welts that appear on the skin and often change shape or location over hours. They can be pale, pink, or red, and they usually fade without leaving marks. Hives reflect the release of histamine and other chemicals in the skin, leading to local swelling and itch.

Why hives appear

Hives occur when immune and inflammatory pathways in the skin activate suddenly. Common triggers include infections, medications, foods, insect stings, physical factors such as heat or pressure, and sometimes stress. In many cases, no clear trigger is found, even after careful review. This uncertainty can feel frustrating, but it is common and does not mean something serious is being missed.

Acute versus chronic hives

Doctors often describe hives based on how long they last. Acute urticaria settles within days to weeks and often follows a trigger such as a viral illness or a new medicine. Chronic urticaria persists or recurs for longer periods and may fluctuate over time. Chronic hives do not usually reflect allergy in the traditional sense and are rarely dangerous, but they can significantly affect comfort and sleep.

How hives feel day to day

Itch is often the most troublesome symptom. Swelling may also occur around the lips, eyelids, or hands. The unpredictable nature of hives can interfere with work, social plans, and rest. These impacts matter, even when hives look mild on the surface.

When hives need urgent care

Urgent medical attention is needed if hives occur with breathing difficulty, throat tightness, dizziness, collapse, or swelling of the tongue or airway. These features suggest a more serious allergic reaction and require immediate care. Most hives do not progress this way, but recognising the warning signs is important.

How your GP helps

A GP focuses on pattern, duration, associated symptoms, recent illnesses, medicines, and lifestyle factors. Many cases can be managed safely in primary care, with reassurance, symptom control, and follow-up when needed. For persistent or complex cases, your GP helps coordinate further assessment or specialist input while keeping explanations clear and practical.

This article provides general health information only and does not replace medical advice. Please speak with your GP for personalised care.