Sexual Assault and Your Health

What sexual assault means

Sexual assault refers to any sexual activity that occurs without free and informed consent. This includes unwanted touching, coercion, pressure, or sexual acts carried out through fear, force, or manipulation. Sexual assault can happen to people of any age, gender, or background, and it is never the survivor’s fault.

How sexual assault can affect health

Sexual assault can have immediate and long-term effects on both physical and emotional health. Some people experience injuries, pain, bleeding, or concerns about infection or pregnancy. Others notice symptoms such as anxiety, panic, sleep disturbance, changes in mood, difficulty concentrating, or physical symptoms like headaches, abdominal pain, or fatigue. These responses are common and reflect the body’s response to trauma.

Why reactions vary

There is no “right” way to respond after sexual assault. Some people feel distressed immediately; others feel numb or cope initially and develop symptoms later. Emotional responses may change over time. Not having visible injuries or not feeling distressed straight away does not mean the experience was not harmful.

When to seek medical care

You can seek medical care at any time after sexual assault — immediately, days later, or much later. Urgent medical review is important if there are injuries, severe pain, bleeding, or concerns about safety. Medical care can also support testing, treatment, and documentation if that is something you choose. You do not need to report to police to receive medical care.

How your GP can help

GPs are trained to respond sensitively and confidentially. You can choose how much or how little you share. Your GP can address physical health needs, discuss options for screening or follow-up, support emotional wellbeing, and help connect you with specialist services if and when you want them. Care is guided by your pace, your choices, and what feels safest for you.

Support, safety, and reassurance

Healing looks different for everyone. Many people find that speaking with a trusted GP becomes an important step in regaining a sense of control over their health. Support focuses on safety, respect, and dignity. You deserve care that acknowledges both physical and emotional wellbeing.

If you are in immediate danger, contact emergency services. Confidential support services are available to provide help and guidance.

This article provides general health information only and does not replace medical advice. Please speak with your GP for personalised care.