Lead Exposure in Children and How to Reduce Risk

Why lead matters for children

Lead is a toxic heavy metal. Children absorb more lead than adults, and their brains, nervous systems, and bodies are still developing. Even low-level exposure is important because it is associated with learning difficulty, behavioural change, reduced attention, and effects on growth. Lead exposure often has no obvious warning signs, so prevention and sensible testing pathways remain essential.

Everyday sources of lead exposure

Exposure usually comes from the environment rather than a single major incident. Older Australian homes may contain lead-based paint, and dust forms when paint deteriorates or is disturbed during repairs. Soil near older buildings, busy roads, and industrial areas can also contain lead, which is then brought indoors on shoes, clothing, and pets. Older plumbing systems may release lead into water. A smaller number of imported products—including some cosmetics, traditional medicines, spices, children’s toys, jewellery, and ceramics—may also contain lead.

How children come into contact with lead at home

Young children naturally explore using their hands and mouths. Fine dust settles on floors, windowsills, furniture, toys, and play areas, then transfers to hands and into mouths. Renovations, sanding, and home repairs can spread dust widely. Outdoor soil is easily tracked inside through shoes, prams, sports gear, and pets, gradually becoming household dust that children encounter daily.

Practical steps that support prevention

Prevention focuses on limiting dust and soil exposure in everyday life. Wet cleaning methods and damp cloth wiping reduce dust spread better than dry dusting. Keeping renovations controlled, using licensed professionals for older homes, and avoiding sanding of old paint without proper safety measures reduce risk. Limiting soil being brought indoors, maintaining clean play areas, washing children’s hands regularly, and choosing reputable age-appropriate products all support safer household routines, especially in older homes or higher-risk areas.

Testing pathways in Australia

Assessment usually begins with a discussion with your GP about your child’s environment, home age, hobbies, travel history, and product exposure. If testing is appropriate, your GP arranges a blood test, explains the result, and discusses management or monitoring if needed. Where a source requires investigation, GPs may recommend contacting local council environmental health services or state public health units, which often assist with home assessment and prevention advice.

When to discuss concerns with your GP

It is sensible to discuss lead risk if you live in or frequently visit an older property, undertake renovations, live near known industrial or mining areas, use tank or older plumbing systems, or use imported products that may not meet Australian safety standards. Bringing photos, product details, or information about home repairs can help your GP give tailored, practical guidance.
This article provides general health information only and does not replace medical advice. Please speak with your GP for personalised care.