Symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
What PCOS means for your health
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition that affects how the ovaries function. It is linked with hormone imbalance, ovulation changes, and metabolic effects. PCOS looks different for everyone. Some women experience mild symptoms; others experience more noticeable changes. Understanding symptoms supports early review, safer care, and long-term health planning.
Irregular periods and ovulation changes
Irregular, infrequent, or absent periods are common features of PCOS. You may experience long gaps between cycles, light bleeding, or occasionally heavier bleeding. Irregular ovulation can also influence fertility, but many women with PCOS do conceive — either naturally or with support — so fertility hope and reassurance are important parts of care.
Hormone-related symptoms
Higher androgen levels may cause acne, oily skin, facial or body hair growth (hirsutism), and scalp hair thinning or hair loss. These changes can affect self-esteem and emotional wellbeing, which is why compassionate care and psychological support are important alongside medical treatment.
Weight, metabolism, and long-term health
Some women gain weight more easily or find it harder to lose weight. PCOS is also linked with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and cholesterol changes. Not everyone experiences these issues, but monitoring helps reduce long-term health risks.
Other symptoms you may notice
Some women report fatigue, low mood or anxiety, pelvic discomfort, or difficulty controlling weight despite effort. PCOS is complex and should not be self-diagnosed — individual assessment matters.
Testing and Diagnosis — What to Expect
PCOS is diagnosed using a combination of:
medical history
symptom assessment
blood tests to assess hormones and metabolic health
sometimes ultrasound of the ovaries
Diagnosis is based on agreed medical criteria. Your GP explains results clearly and discusses what they mean for health now and into the future.
Australian Care Pathway and Specialist Support
In Australia, your GP is usually the first point of care. Many women are safely managed in general practice. Referral may be recommended if needed, including:
Endocrinologist — for hormone and metabolic care
Gynaecologist — for reproductive or menstrual concerns
Dietitian — for evidence-based nutrition support
Psychologist — for emotional wellbeing if needed
Care is often shared to ensure support feels coordinated and personalised.
Fertility, mental health, and emotional support
Fertility concerns can feel distressing, but many women with PCOS conceive with guidance and appropriate support. Emotional wellbeing matters just as much as physical health. PCOS can affect body image, confidence, and mood. Speaking with your GP about mental health support is part of responsible and compassionate care.
Myths vs Reality
“PCOS always means you cannot get pregnant.”
Many women with PCOS conceive naturally; others conceive with help.
“You must have cysts on your ovaries to have PCOS.”
Diagnosis is based on multiple criteria, not just imaging.
“PCOS only affects your periods.”
It can also affect hair, skin, weight, metabolism, and long-term health.
“If symptoms are mild, it is not important.”
Even mild PCOS deserves assessment to protect future health.
When to see your GP
See your GP if you have irregular periods, persistent acne, excess hair growth, scalp hair thinning, fertility concerns, or unexplained weight change. Early review supports clarity, reassurance, and better outcomes.
This article provides general health information only and does not replace medical advice. Please speak with your GP for personalised care.