Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes and Why Early Detection Matters

Understanding what pre-diabetes means

Pre-diabetes is a stage where blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not yet in the diabetes range. It indicates that your body is finding it harder to manage glucose effectively. Most people feel completely well, which is why it is often picked up only through testing. Pre-diabetes is important because it increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and is linked with cardiovascular risk even before diabetes develops.

What diabetes means

Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body does not use insulin effectively or cannot produce enough insulin to control blood glucose. Persistently high glucose over time can affect nerves, kidneys, eyes, blood vessels, and heart health. Symptoms can be subtle at first. Some people experience thirst, frequent urination, tiredness, blurred vision, or recurrent infections, while others have few or no warning signs.

Why early detection matters

Pre-diabetes does not always progress to diabetes. With the right support, many people delay or prevent diabetes completely. Detecting diabetes early also reduces the risk of long-term complications by supporting safe glucose control and overall cardiovascular health. Early care protects long-term wellbeing.

Australian Screening and Care Pathway

In Australia, your GP is usually the first point of care. Screening may be recommended if you:

• are overweight or have limited physical activity

• have a family history of diabetes

• previously had gestational diabetes

• have polycystic ovary syndrome

• have high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or cardiovascular disease

• belong to higher-risk ethnic backgrounds

Diagnosis is made using HbA1c, fasting glucose, or an oral glucose tolerance test. Your GP explains which test is appropriate and how often testing should occur. Many people are managed in general practice with structured support. Referral to an endocrinologist may be suggested if diagnosis is complex, glucose control is difficult, or additional specialist input is needed.

Myths vs Reality

“Pre-diabetes is harmless.”
Reality: It signals increased health risk and deserves attention, but it is also an opportunity to prevent diabetes.

“If I have no symptoms, it cannot be diabetes.”
Reality: Many people have no symptoms, which is why screening matters.

“Once diabetes starts, nothing can be done.”
Reality: Early care significantly improves long-term health.

“Medication replaces lifestyle changes.”
Reality: Lifestyle and medical care work together, not in competition.

What you can do if diagnosed with pre-diabetes or diabetes

Your GP supports you to understand results and build a realistic plan. Nutrition support, increased physical activity, sleep, stress care, and weight management can make a real difference. Some people with diabetes also need medicines. Regular review and education help protect long-term health.

Red Flags — Seek urgent review if you experience

• severe tiredness, dehydration, confusion, or fainting

• vomiting with high glucose readings

• signs of infection with rapidly worsening symptoms

• sudden vision loss or severe chest pain

If unsure, seek medical care promptly.

When to see your GP

See your GP if you have risk factors, symptoms, or concerns about glucose levels. Screening provides clarity, reassurance, and safer care.

This article provides general health information only and does not replace medical advice. Please speak with your GP for personalised care.