Scabies — What You Need to Know
What scabies is
Scabies is a common skin condition caused by a microscopic mite that burrows into the upper layer of the skin. The body reacts to the mite and its products, leading to intense itch and a characteristic rash. Scabies is not related to hygiene and can affect people of all ages and backgrounds.
How scabies spreads
Scabies spreads mainly through prolonged skin-to-skin contact. This commonly occurs within households, intimate relationships, childcare settings, schools, and aged-care facilities. Brief casual contact is less likely to spread scabies, but shared bedding, towels, or clothing can contribute in some situations. Because symptoms take time to develop, people may unknowingly spread scabies before realising they have it.
Common symptoms to notice
The hallmark symptom is intense itching, often worse at night. A rash may appear as small red bumps, lines, or scratch marks, commonly affecting the wrists, fingers, elbows, armpits, waist, buttocks, and genital area. In infants and older adults, the scalp, face, palms, and soles may also be involved. Scratching can break the skin and increase the risk of secondary infection.
How scabies is diagnosed
Diagnosis is usually based on the pattern of symptoms, appearance of the skin, and history of contact with others who are itchy. Tests are not always needed. A GP considers scabies especially when itching is severe, persistent, or affects multiple household members.
How scabies is treated
Treatment aims to eliminate the mites and prevent reinfestation. This usually involves applying a prescribed topical treatment to the whole body, following clear instructions about timing and repeat application. Close contacts are treated at the same time, even if they have no symptoms. Itching may continue for several weeks after successful treatment as the skin settles, which does not necessarily mean treatment failure.
Why follow-up matters
Symptoms that persist, treatment that is not applied correctly, or missed contacts can lead to ongoing transmission. Your GP helps confirm treatment success, manage ongoing itch or skin irritation, and address complications such as secondary bacterial infection.
Reassurance and prevention
Scabies is uncomfortable but very treatable. Clear instructions, coordinated household treatment, and follow-up care make a significant difference. Early recognition helps reduce spread and distress.
This article provides general health information only and does not replace medical advice. Please speak with your GP for personalised care.