Heartburn and Reflux Disease — Know the Difference and When to Seek Help

What heartburn usually means

Heartburn describes a burning or uncomfortable feeling rising from the upper abdomen into the chest or throat. It often occurs after meals, when lying down, bending forward, or after certain foods or drinks such as spicy meals, caffeine, alcohol, or large portions. Many people experience occasional heartburn, and it is often short-lived and manageable.

What reflux disease (GERD / GORD) means

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (often called reflux disease or GORD) refers to more frequent, persistent, or troublesome reflux symptoms caused by stomach acid repeatedly flowing back into the oesophagus. People may experience heartburn, sour taste in the mouth, cough, burning in the throat, difficulty swallowing, or chest discomfort that returns regularly or affects sleep, eating, or daily life.

When heartburn becomes a medical condition

Reflux disease is usually considered when symptoms occur often, keep coming back, interrupt quality of life, or cause complications such as inflammation, swallowing problems, or ongoing discomfort. This matters because long-term untreated reflux can irritate the oesophagus and occasionally lead to more serious problems.

Why getting the right diagnosis matters

Chest discomfort deserves thoughtful assessment. Not every burning chest symptom is reflux — and some chest symptoms require urgent medical review. Your GP helps distinguish reflux from other causes, review risk factors, arrange investigations if needed, and ensure nothing important is missed.

What helps in everyday life

Lifestyle measures may reduce symptoms, including smaller meals, avoiding lying flat after eating, reducing alcohol, caffeine, smoking, and highly acidic or spicy foods, managing weight where appropriate, and elevating the head of the bed. Medicines may be helpful, but long-term treatment should ideally be guided by your GP.

When to see your GP urgently

Seek prompt review if you experience difficulty swallowing, unexplained weight loss, vomiting blood, black stools, persistent vomiting, severe pain, or symptoms that do not improve. Sudden chest pain, breathlessness, or collapse require urgent emergency care.

Reflux is common — but persistent symptoms still deserve attention. With GP support, most people find relief, reassurance, and a clear plan.

This article provides general health information only and does not replace medical advice. Please speak with your GP for personalised care.