What You Need to Know About Insect Bites

Understanding common reactions, self-care, and when GP review matters

Why insect bites are so common

Insect bites occur when an insect pierces the skin to feed or defend itself. In Australia, common culprits include mosquitoes, midges, fleas, ants, and some spiders. Most bites are harmless and settle on their own, but reactions vary widely between people depending on immune response, location of the bite, and repeated exposure.

What a typical bite looks and feels like

Most insect bites cause a small, itchy or tender lump with surrounding redness. Swelling often peaks within the first day and then settles gradually. Itch is common because your immune system releases histamine in response to insect saliva or venom. Scratching worsens inflammation and increases the risk of skin infection.

Why some reactions look more dramatic

Some people develop larger local reactions, where swelling spreads well beyond the bite itself. This does not usually mean infection or allergy. Children often react more strongly than adults. Repeated bites can also lead to exaggerated responses because the immune system becomes more sensitised over time.

When bites become concerning

A GP review is helpful if a bite becomes increasingly painful, hot, red, or starts to ooze, as these features raise concern for secondary skin infection. Review is also important if swelling affects the face, eyes, lips, or joints, or if symptoms do not improve over several days. Fever, spreading redness, or feeling unwell deserve prompt assessment.

Allergic reactions and emergencies

Severe allergic reactions to insect stings are uncommon but serious. Symptoms such as difficulty breathing, throat tightness, dizziness, collapse, or widespread hives require urgent medical attention. These reactions are medical emergencies and are different from typical local swelling or itch.

Simple self-care measures

Most uncomplicated insect bites improve with basic care. Cooling the area, avoiding scratching, and keeping the skin clean supports healing. Protective clothing, insect repellent, and reducing exposure at dawn and dusk help prevent future bites. Your GP can advise on symptom relief options if itch or swelling interferes with sleep or daily activities.

Why seeing your GP helps

A GP can confirm the diagnosis, distinguish between bite reactions and skin infections, and guide appropriate treatment if needed. This is especially useful for young children, people with chronic skin conditions, diabetes, or reduced immunity, where healing patterns differ.

This article provides general health information only and does not replace medical advice. Please speak with your GP for personalised care.