Travel smart to Brazil with health and immunisation in mind

Why health planning matters for travel

Travelling to Brazil can be memorable and enriching, whether you are visiting for leisure, work, study, or family. Thoughtful health planning helps reduce avoidable illness and disruption, allowing you to focus on the experience rather than unexpected setbacks. Most travel-related health issues involve common infections, routine immunisation gaps, insect exposure, food and water hygiene, and access to medical care rather than rare or extreme risks. A measured, practical approach supports safer travel.

Common illnesses travellers may encounter

Brazil’s climate, large population centres, and extensive domestic travel mean that respiratory and gastrointestinal infections occur year-round. Colds, influenza, COVID-19, and viral gastroenteritis account for most travel-related illness. In some regions, mosquito-borne infections such as dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and malaria (mainly in the Amazon basin) are also present. Most infections are mild, but prevention remains important.

Immunisation and routine protection

Before departure, ensure your routine vaccinations are current. This usually includes protection against measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella, influenza, and COVID-19.
For many travellers, hepatitis A and typhoid vaccination are recommended due to the risk of exposure through contaminated food or water. Yellow fever vaccination is strongly recommended for travel to most regions of Brazil, including many popular destinations. While Brazil does not require proof of vaccination for entry, travellers returning to Australia may be asked to provide a valid yellow fever certificate after visiting Brazil. Depending on your itinerary and activities, your GP may also discuss hepatitis B, rabies, or other vaccines, particularly for long stays, rural travel, outdoor activities, or work involving animals.

Food, water, and everyday hygiene

Food culture is a highlight of travel in Brazil, but differences in food handling and water quality can affect digestion. Drinking bottled or treated water, avoiding ice from uncertain sources, choosing freshly cooked meals, and maintaining regular hand hygiene reduce the risk of gastrointestinal illness. Peeling fruit yourself and being selective with street food can also help.

Insects, environment, and water exposure

Mosquito-borne illnesses occur in many parts of Brazil. Using insect repellent, wearing long-sleeved clothing, and staying in screened or air-conditioned accommodation are key preventive steps.
Avoid swimming or wading in untreated freshwater, such as rivers and lakes, to reduce the risk of parasitic infections. Sun exposure can be intense in many regions, so sun protection and hydration are important.

Medical care, insurance, and preparation

Medical facilities in major cities are generally of good quality, while access may be limited in rural or remote areas. Comprehensive travel insurance that covers medical treatment and evacuation is essential, as private care often requires upfront payment. Carry sufficient personal medications in original packaging, along with copies of prescriptions and a basic first-aid kit.

When to speak with your GP before travel

A travel health appointment six to eight weeks before departure allows time for personalised advice, vaccination planning, and discussion of destination-specific risks. This consultation focuses on preparation rather than restriction and supports confident, informed travel.

This article provides general health information only and does not replace medical advice. Please speak with your GP for personalised care.