Restless Legs Syndrome — What You Need to Know

What Restless Legs Syndrome means

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), also called Willis–Ekbom disease, is a neurological condition that causes uncomfortable sensations in the legs — often described as crawling, buzzing, pulling, itching, or deep restlessness. These sensations create a strong urge to move the legs, especially in the evening or at night, making it difficult to relax or fall asleep.

Why timing matters

Symptoms usually worsen when sitting or lying still, improve temporarily with movement, and commonly disrupt sleep. This can lead to tiredness, irritability, reduced concentration, and a significant impact on quality of life. For some people, symptoms are occasional. For others, they are persistent and distressing.

Possible contributing factors

RLS can occur on its own or be linked to other factors such as iron deficiency, kidney disease, pregnancy, peripheral neuropathy, or certain medicines. Sometimes there is a family history. Not everyone has an identifiable cause — but understanding contributing factors helps guide safer care.

When to see your GP

Seek review if you experience uncomfortable night-time leg sensations, sleep disruption, or repeated urges to move your legs at rest. Your GP can assess your history, review medicines, consider potential causes, arrange blood tests (including checking iron levels), and discuss management options.

Management and treatment

Management is guided by severity and cause. Strategies may include addressing iron deficiency where relevant, improving sleep routines, reducing caffeine and alcohol, reviewing medicines, and, in some cases, using specific treatments. Treatment is individualised — what works best varies between people.

Reassurance matters

RLS is a recognised medical condition — not “imagined restlessness” — and support is available. With assessment and tailored management, many people experience meaningful improvement.

This article provides general health information only and does not replace medical advice. Please speak with your GP for personalised care.