Persistent Tinnitus-When to see your GP

What tinnitus means

Tinnitus is the perception of sound—often described as ringing, buzzing, hissing, or humming—without an external source. It may affect one ear, both ears, or feel as though it is “in the head.” Tinnitus is a symptom rather than a disease, and its impact varies widely from mild background noise to a sound that interferes with sleep, concentration, and wellbeing.

Why tinnitus can persist

Tinnitus commonly reflects changes in how the hearing system processes sound. Hearing loss, even when subtle, can alter brain signalling and create phantom sounds. Noise exposure, ageing, earwax blockage, middle-ear problems, jaw or neck tension, and certain medicines can all contribute. Stress and poor sleep often amplify awareness of tinnitus, making it feel louder or more intrusive.

Common patterns that are less concerning

Many people notice tinnitus after loud noise exposure, illness, or a period of stress. It may fluctuate during the day and be more noticeable in quiet environments. When tinnitus is mild, stable, and not associated with other symptoms, it often improves with reassurance, hearing protection, and strategies that reduce focus on the sound.

When tinnitus deserves closer attention

A GP review is important if tinnitus is persistent (lasting weeks), worsening, or distressing. Tinnitus that affects one ear only, follows head or neck injury, or changes suddenly should be assessed. Associated symptoms—such as hearing loss, ear pain, dizziness, a feeling of fullness, headaches, or jaw pain—help guide evaluation and should be discussed.

Red flags that need prompt assessment

Seek timely medical review if tinnitus occurs with sudden hearing loss, severe vertigo, neurological symptoms (such as weakness, facial numbness, or speech difficulty), or a rhythmic “whooshing” sound that matches the heartbeat. These features are uncommon but important to identify early.

How your GP approaches assessment

Your GP takes a whole-person view, asking about onset, laterality, noise exposure, medications, sleep, stress, and hearing changes. Examination of the ears, jaw, neck, and nervous system helps narrow causes. Hearing tests, earwax removal, medication review, or referral to audiology or ENT may be recommended depending on findings.

Living well with tinnitus

When no serious cause is found, management focuses on reducing impact. Sound enrichment, hearing support, sleep optimisation, jaw or neck care, and stress management often reduce intrusiveness over time. Understanding tinnitus and having a clear plan can significantly improve quality of life.

This article provides general health information only and does not replace medical advice. Please speak with your GP for personalised care.